How does gsm system work

Depending on load, subscriber behavior and morph structure, it can have different configurations — Standard configuration Each BTS is assigned a different cell identity CI and several BTS forms a location area. Umbrella Cell configuration One BTS with high transmission power installed at a higher altitude, acting as an umbrella to the lower transmission power Base Transmitter Stations , Collocated configurations several BTSs collocated at one site, but antennas cover only area of or degrees.

It is a network of neighboring radio cells which provide a complete coverage of the service area. Base Station Controller : It controls operation of one more Base Transceiver Stations, basically the handover or power control. It consists of a database comprising the whole maintenance status of the BTS, quality of radio and terrestrial resources and BTS operations software.

It compresses or decompresses speech from the mobile station. However, it is not used for data connections. Network Switching Subsystem : It provides the complete set of control and database functions needed to set up a call using encryption, authentication and roaming features.

It basically provides network connection to the Mobile Station. It consists of the below given elements. Apart from the normal functionary, it supports additional functionality like registration, authentication, call location and call routing to the subscriber. Home Location Register : It is a repository which stores data belonging to large number of subscribers.

It is basically a large database which administers data of each subscriber. It comes to act in case of roaming where a subscriber moves from one location to another. Frequency Division Multiple Access: It involves dividing a frequency band into multiple bands such that each sub-divided frequency band is allotted to a single subscriber. Each base station is allotted one or more carrier frequencies.

Time Division Multiple Access: It involves allotting same frequency channel to different subscribers by dividing the frequency band into multiple time slots. Because it is not achievable to stop the signals from overlapping into the nearby cells and channels which are used in single-cell are not utilized in the next. It is the mobile phone which consists of the transceiver, the display, and the processor and is controlled by a SIM card operating over the network.

At present, their dimension has reduced radically whereas the functionality level has very much increased. And one more benefit is that the time among charges has drastically enlarged.

The mobile station includes a number called the IMEI. It is accessed by the network during registration to check whether the equipment has been reported as stolen. It should be noted down that when the number of BS enhances through the subscriber population scaling then some of the preservation tasks are moved to the base transceiver stations so that the ownership cost of the system can be reduced.

The GSM network architecture of 2G mainly follows a logical technique of operation. This is very simple as compared with present architectures of mobile phone network which utilize software-defined units to allow extremely supple operation.

When the GSM system is digital, then the network is a data network. The security strategies standardized for the GSM system make it the most secure telecommunications standard currently accessible. Although the confidentiality of a call and secrecy of the GSM subscriber is just ensured on the radio channel, this is a major step in achieving end-to-end security.

A GSM modem is a device that can be either a mobile phone or a modem device that can be used to make a computer or any other processor communicate over a network. It can be connected to a computer through serial, USB, or Bluetooth connection.

The GSM modem has a wide range of applications in transaction terminals, supply chain management, security applications, weather stations, and GPRS mode remote data logging. These days, the GSM mobile terminal has become one of the items that are constantly with us.

The requirement for a person to be reachable or to call anyone at any time is very appealing. This project, as the name says the project is based on GSM network technology for transmission of SMS from sender to receiver. SMS sending and receiving is used for ubiquitous access to appliances and allowing breach control at home. The system proposes two sub-systems.

The appliance control subsystem enables the user to control home appliances remotely and the security alert subsystem gives automatic security monitoring. The second aspect is that of security alert which is achieved in a way that on the detection of intrusion, the system allows automatic generation of SMS thus alerting the user against security risk.

GSM technology will allow communication anywhere, anytime, and with anyone. The functional architecture of GSM employing intelligent networking principles, and its ideology, which provides the development of GSM is the first step towards a true personal communication system that enough standardization to ensure compatibility. In both situations, the only way which can provide a solution is by using the mobile communication system.

The doctor simply monitors the patient details and gives back the instructions to the person in the 1 st case so that he can at least take some precautions before finally reaching the hospital and in the 2 nd case monitors the test results of the patient and in case of any abnormalities, takes the next step for further treatment.

This whole situation is the telemedicine services. The telemedicine system can be used in either of the three ways. For the above three ways, a wireless communication technique is used.

Medical services require many ways of getting access to stored resources. These can be medical databases or online hosts with devices that can help recover and monitor patient health. Different access options are broadband network, through medium-throughput media and narrowband through GSM.

A Basic Telemedicine system can be shown in a simplified way. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in to create a common European mobile telephone standard.

GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each kHz channel into eight 25 kHz time-slots. GSM was developed using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to Mbps of data rates. Presently GSM supports more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than countries throughout the world. GSM provides basic to advanced voice and data services including roaming service. GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down through a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own timeslot.